A hard fender is a device that is used to cushion the impact of a ship’s hull against the pier or other vessel during mooring or towing. This device is aimed to transfer loads to a largest possible area of the side of the vessel and thereby exclude its damage or permanent deformation.
Pneumatic fender (mooring fender) is a rubber cylinder with metal flanges located on rounded ends. A rubber chamber with a valve for filling the device with air is mounted inside the cylinder. To improve the protective features, a net, woven from steel ropes that are passed through rubber tubes and supplemented with tires, is put on the cylinder.